LaTeX itself provides a letter document class, which is widely disliked; the present author long since gave up trying with it. If you nevertheless want to try it, but are irritated by its way of vertically-shifting a single-page letter, try the following hack:
in the preamble of your file.\makeatletter \let\@texttop\relax \makeatother
Doing-it-yourself is a common strategy; Knuth (for use with Plain TeX, in the TeXbook), and Kopka and Daly (in their Guide to LaTeX) offer worked examples. (The latest version of Knuth’s macros appear in his “local library” dump on the archive, which is updated in parallel with new versions of TeX — so not very often…)
Nevertheless, there are contributed alternatives — in fact there are an awfully large number of them: the following list, of necessity, makes but a small selection.
The largest, most comprehensive, class is newlfm; the lfm part of the name implies that the class can create letters, faxes and memoranda. The documentation is voluminous, and the package seems very flexible.
Other classes recommended for inclusion in this FAQ are akletter and isodoc.
The dinbrief class, while recommended, is only documented in German.
There are letter classes in each of the excellent KOMA-script (scrlttr2: documentation is available in English) and ntgclass (brief: documentation in Dutch only) bundles. While these are probably good (since the bundles themselves inspire trust) they’ve not been specifically recommended by any users.
This question on the Web: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=letterclass